THE IMPACT OF EARNING MANAGEMENT, LIQUIDITY, AND EFFICIENCY ON THE COST OF EQUITY OF TOP TEN ORGANIZATIONS IN THE IRAQI STOCK EXCHANGE

Currently, the cost of equity (CE) is a requirement for investors and businesses to thrive in the market. This may be accomplished through effective earning management (EM) and stock efficiency. This element requires the attention of researchers and regulators. The current study evaluates the impact of EM, liquidity (LQ), efficiency (EFC), and return on assets (ROA) on the capitalization equivalence (CE) of the top 10 companies listed on the Iraqi stock exchange (ISE). The researchers utilized secondary data gathered from the financial accounts of the selected firms from 2012 to 2021. The researchers additionally examine the relationship between variables using the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DARDL) technique. The results suggested that the EM, LQ , EFC, and ROA of the top 10 companies on the ISE have a favorable relationship with their CE. The article directs policymakers in formulating high CE-related policies utilizing effective earning management and stock EFC.