TEOS/TEVS membrane by dual acid-base catalyzed in seawater desalination with different temperature feeds

Lack of clean water lately becomes a major concern in South Kalimantan-Indonesia. Seawater has potential to fulfill water needs. However, it has a high salt content of 35 g.L−1. Because of it, the water could not be directly consumed. To overcome this issue, a desalination process was employed to separate a dissolved salt content flow into the river. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature feeds (25 and 40°C) on the organo-silica membrane performance for artificial seawater (NaCl 3.5 wt%). The organo-silica membranes were made from TEVS (Triethoxy Vinyl Silane) and TEOS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate) as precursors through sol-gel method. RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) calcination technique was applied, and the membranes were then calcined at a temperature of 350°C. The molar ratio of TEOS: TEVS: EtOH: HNO3: H2O: NH3 is 0.9: 0.1: 38: 0.00078 :5: 0.0003, respectively. According to the results, the highest water flux was achieved at feed temperature of 40°C (2.160 kg.m-2.h−1). However, the feed temperature of 25°C resulted in the highest salt rejection of 99.98%. In conclusion, a great performance for both feed temperatures was found due to carbon presence in TEVS