Plasma sheath in the presence of warm ions

The numerical solution of a warm ion sheath for an electrode/wall in contact with a low‐density isotropic plasma is analysed for sonic and supersonic flow of ions at the sheath entrance. For this, we consider half Maxwellian electron and water bag ion velocity distribution functions at the sheath edge. The generalized kinetic Bohm criterion is used to calculate the average ion velocity at the sheath edge. A relation between electrode/wall floating potential, sheath edge potential, and ion temperature is derived from the floating electrode/wall condition. The numerical solution of potential profiles for sonic and supersonic ions is calculated with varying ion temperature at different values of sheath edge potential. The results show that for sonic ions, the sheath solution merges smoothly into presehath solution, but for supersonic ions, we have density gradients, which increase with increasing ion temperature.