Rapid comparison of antitumor chemical constituents and mechanisms between Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale by UPLC-IT-TOF, network pharmacology and experimental verification

Dendrobium nobile and Dendrobium officinale as the main varieties of traditional Chinese medicine Dendrobium are widely used in clinic. The study aimed to systematically explore chemical constituents and their antitumor effect of D. nobile and D. officinale by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IT-TOF), network pharmacology and cancer cell experiments. D. nobile extract and D. officinale extract could significantly inhibit the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells, human liver cancer HepG2 cells and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in the dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.05), the antitumor effect of D. officinale extract was stronger than that of D. nobile extract at the same drug concentration. A total of 40 chemical constituents of D. nobile and D. officinale including phenanthrenes, bibenzyls and other types of compounds had been identified by UPLC-IT-TOF, LCMSsolution and MetID software according to retention times, accurate mass, MS n fragmentation, reference compounds and natural product databases. Phenanthrenes with good antitumor activity were mainly present in D. nobile , bibenzyls were the main compounds of D. officinale . Integrated networks of Herb-Compounds-Targets-Cancer revealed that gigantol, moscatilin, tristin, moscatin and densiflorol B were regarded as key antitumor compounds of D. nobile and D. officinale , D. nobile and D. officinale shared 7 targets accounting for 70% of the antitumor core targets, more than half of their antitumor KEGG pathways were similar. The results of molecular docking and western blotting experiments indicated that the antitumor mechanisms of D. nobile and D. officinale may be through inhibiting PI3K-Akt and HIF-1α signaling pathways.