Optimizing the role of new renewable energy (including nuclear power plant) on the expansion planning of power generation in West Kalimantan

A study has been done on optimizing the role of new renewable energy (including nuclear power plants) on the expansion planning of power generation in West Kalimantan, within the study period of 2021-2050. This study uses the supply optimization modeling of Balmorel from Denmark with the least cost principle. Balmorel is a partial equilibrium model that finds the least-cost economical dispatch and capacity expansion solution for the represented energy system. In this study, six scenarios were created for optimization. Scenario-1 (BaU) is optimization using the demand for Business as Usual, and Scenario-2 (BaU_X) is similar optimization as Scenario-1 by taking into account the externality (CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM2,5 emissions). Scenario-3 (Industrialization) is optimization using the demand for development industries, and Scenario-4 (Industrialization_X) is similar optimization as Scenario-3 by considering the externality. Meanwhile, Scenario-5 (Prosperity) is optimization using demand by taking into account the electricity consumption targets per capita in National Energy Policy (Kebijakan Energi Nasional, KEN), and Scenario-6 (Prosperity_X) is similar optimization as Scenario-5 by taking into account the externality. This study uses the variable plant candidates for optimization simulation, namely Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant (PLTS), Gas Engine Power Plant (PLTMG), Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant (PLTGU), Gas Turbine Power Plant (PLTG), Biomass Power Plant (PLTBm), Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg), Hydro Electric Power Plant (PLTA), Mini Hydro Power Plant (PLTM), Coal Fired Power Plant Sub-Critical (PLTU-SubC), Coal Fired Power Plant Sub-Critical using Flue Gas Desulfurization/FGD (PLTU-SubC-FGD), Nuclear Power Plant (PLTN), Wind Turbine Power Plant (PLTB), and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The optimization result of Scenario-1 (BaU) has the optimizing the role of new renewable energy on the expansion planning of power generation in West Kalimantan, with the cumulative configuration projection of capacity plants at the end of the study (2050) as follows: PLTS (1,219 MW), PLTMG (25 MW), PLTGU (150 MW), PLTG (60 MW), PLTBm (145 MW), PLTBg (15 MW), PLTA (20 MW), PLTM (3 MW), PLTU-SubC (250 MW), and BESS (184 MW), with import electricity from the Kalimantan Interconnection System (by the PLTA source) is about 1,152 MW, the projection of the committed plant capacity is 200 MW, the existing plant capacity is 10 MW, and the peak load (BP) is about 2,084