Constructive Modernization of Pneumatic Seeding Equipment

The study was carried out in order to constructively modernize the pneumatic seeding machine, which increases the productivity of the seeding unit while maintaining the quality and accuracy of planting seeds. The presented seeding machine operates on excess pressure of the air flow, which makes it possible to plant seeds of several grain crops using one dispenser. The dispenser contains three parts in the form of cellular discs placed on the same axis; the cells on all discs are made in the form of cone-shaped holes corresponding to the size of the seeds of a crop culture. The seeding discs are interconnected with the possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis. Sowing seeds from each disk occurs through a combined branch pipe divided into three nozzles separately for each disk. Embedding of seeds of each culture is carried out by a three-level skid colter. Using the developed construction makes it possible to plant the seeds of three crops according to different schemes and place them at different depths. Structurally, the seeding disc and the skid colter are made in a combined form. The connection of the components of the seeding disc is provided by a clamping bush. Structural elements of the skid colter are bolted together. Details of the seeding disc and colter are geometrically equal in width and can be fixedly shifted relative to each other. Seeds are directed by air flow from the main branch pipe from a height of 10–12 cm from the seeding disc down to the horizontal surface of the soil. To eliminate the rebound from the ground, the grain is picked up by an air flow that compensates for the speed of the seeder from an additional branch pipe installed at an angle of 30° relative to the horizontal surface under the seeding disc. This makes it possible to increase the speed in the operating mode and contributes to an increase in productivity by 5–7% while maintaining the accuracy and quality of seeding, reducing damage to seeds by 0.2%.