The Impacts of Petroleum on Environment

Petroleum is a mixture of many different hydrocarbon compounds, most of which primarily contain carbon and hydrogen in varying proportions. Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are small, explosive, and volatile, to large, non-volatile, are all included in the mixture of hydrocarbons. Toxicological effects of a hydrocarbon depend on its molecular weight, family of hydrocarbons, creature exposed to it, and life-cycle stage of the exposed organism. Studies have shown that exposure to the toxic chemicals in crude oil, such as para-phenol compounds and volatile benzene, might have an adverse effect on human health. Furthermore, when there is an oil spill at sea, the wind and water currents disperse the oil, causing a thin slick to migrate across the ocean’s surface. There are numerous simultaneous chemical and physical changes. Reviewing the long-term effects of petroleum on the environment is the aim of this paper in terms of the impact on human health, plants, and marine life.