The decentralization and its impact on achieving sustainable development goals - A case study about Najaf governorate office

There are countries that tend to centralize and the consequent restriction in the powers granted to local units especially in urban project planning. On the other hand, we find that there are other countries that tend towards decentralization in their organization, which entrust the official local institutions with a broader scope in planning and managing their local resources. The reason for this difference is that each country It applies the organizational method that is compatible with its political, geographical, social and economic conditions and considers decentralization as a branch that enters into political science, economy, administration and planning due to the important role that it plays in sustainable development processes. It is a method of the local organization aimed at distributing jobs between the central authority and the local governments of cities. The government organization has two main patterns that all countries adopt, which are centralization and decentralization, the more the state moves towards democracy, the more it turns towards decentralization and vice versa, that is, the greater the degree of organizational centralization of the state, the more it tends towards dictatorship and totalitarian non-pluralistic regimes, in addition to other considerations, including the age of the state's emergence, political stability, and the degree of awareness and crowd culture In addition to the area of the state and the number of its population, as the state resorts to centralization at the beginning of its inception to extend its influence and concentrate its power, as well as if the state suffers from political instability, it finds in centralization what helps it to consolidate the pillars of its government. For this, it is necessary to know and measure the degree of decentralization to centralization in the government system, because the degree and level of decentralization depend on achieving sustainable development for cities by reviving the principle of democracy and participatory decision-making of planning for service projects, that stems from local governments, This means that the research hypothesis will be based on the fact that the relationship between decentralization and sustainable development is a direct relationship and increases with the increase in the degree of decentralization. The importance of the research: The topic of the research falls within the Sustainable Development Goals No. 11, Goal No. 16 and Goal No. 17.