The short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus is a corallivore too

The short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus inhabits deeper water soft bottom habitats, in contrast to the more infamous Indo-Pacific Acanthaster species complex of which population outbreaks have been responsible for widespread coral mortality throughout the Indo-West Pacific region. Acanthaster brevispinus has not previously been regarded as a threat to corals or coral reefs. Here, we report A. brevispinus occurring on mesophotic off-reef or inter-reef habitats in 20–70-m depths dominated by solitary corals off both the western and eastern coasts of Australia. On Ningaloo Reef, A. brevispinus were found on mushroom coral ( Cycloseris distorta ) beds using an underwater towed camera and further exploration using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) confirmed predation by A. brevispinus on C. distorta . On the southern Great Barrier Reef, A. brevispinus in large numbers were found in habitat dominated by the dendrophylliid Heteropsammia cf. cochlea. Predation on H. cf. cochlea was also directly observed. This is the first confirmed report of predation on hard corals by A. brevispinus, and while there are yet to be any records of population outbreaks of this species, such outbreaks could have a significant effect on mesophotic solitary coral assemblages.