Siting and Sizing Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles With Coordinated Recharging

The popularity of electric vehicles is increasing, but the public charging infrastructure is still insufficient. To reduce extra time spent with charging on everyday trips, we introduce a new charging infrastructure siting and sizing approach. We analyze daily schedules of drivers to find suitable locations for slow and fast charging stations. In simulation, we test how many charge points to assign to each charging station. Vehicles can be charged with either en-route or destination charging using a realistic model for charging and energy consumption for five electric vehicle models of different car segments. To reduce waiting times at charging stations, we use a centralized charging station database (CSDB), that coordinates charging between vehicles. We found that a combination of a few centralized fast charging stations and many distributed slow charging stations is the best option to improve the average extra time spent with charging for all vehicle types. We also found that by using the CSDB to coordinate charging between vehicles, we were able to significantly reduce the necessary number of charge points to achieve an acceptable average extra time. In our scenario, to reach an average extra time of 15 \,\mathrm{min}, we only had to add 53 charge points when using the CSDB, compared to 104 without.