The most commonly used cell surface markers for determining mesenchymal stromal cells in stromal vascular fraction and bone marrow autologous concentrate: a systematic review

The use of regenerative technologies is widely spread in modern medicine. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) seem to be the most advantageous for use in cell therapies and in tissue engineering. The results of bone marrow autologous concentrate (BMAC) use are very promising. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the available literatures that pertain to the cell surface characterization of ADSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) from SVF and BMAC, respectively. The results found that the most commonly reported markers for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM) were CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and should be defined as positive, while CD34, CD45, CD56, CD146 should be defined as negative. For additional markers such as c- Kit (CD117), SSEA-1 (CD15), PDGFR, and CCR5X (CD195), there was no single consensus, although most authors agreed on the positive expression of HLA-ABC and STRO- 1 and the negative expression of HLA -DR. The results concluded that SVF and BMAC were not only concentrates of isolated MSCs, but also containing several additional growth factors. The main regenerative function belonged to MSCs. Therefore, their qualitative and quantitative confirmations were the keys to the effectiveness of SVF and BMAC. For this purpose, it is recommended a minimum panel of positive and negative markers for identifying MSCs, which include the positive markers of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and the negative markers of CD14, CD31, CD 34, CD45, CD146.