Distribution of naturally occurring uranium and other heavy toxic elements in selected spring water samples of Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand, India

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of the uranium (U) concentration level in natural drinking water. Laser fluorimetry technique has been used for the microanalysis of uranium concentration in water samples collected from different natural sources like springs and subterranean springs of various depths. A total of 23 drinking water samples were collected based on their consumption for drinking purposes from the different areas of Pithoragarh district. Seventeen physico- chemical parameters, six heavy metals and uranium were estimated in the samples. The results showed that the average value of TDS was observed 204.65 mg/L during pre- monsoon season and 213.82 mg/L during post- monsoon season, the uranium concentration in drinking water samples varied from 0.10–9.90 µg L−1 in pre-monsoon and 0.10–8.32 µg L −1 in post-monsoon seasons. The study revealed that none of the samples had exceeded the guideline values prescribed for concentration of uranium in drinking water by World Health Organization (30 µg L −1 ) and sources can be considered safe with respect to the level of uranium concentration.