Assessment of potentially harmful elements in floodplain soils and stream sediments in Ile-Ife area, South-western Nigeria

The enrichment of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in stream sediments (SS) and floodplain soils (FS) poses great environmental hazards to water bodies and other parts of the ecosystem. The aim of this research was to evaluate the distribution pattern of selected PHEs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, As, Cd, V, Cr, Ni, Th, Sr and La) in SS of selected rivers that drain Ile-Ife area and their adjacent FS, to ascertain the pollution status of these elements in the study area. Sixty samples (40 SS and 20 FS) were purposely collected for this study; the samples were analysed with ultra-trace inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS). The PHEs results showed decreasing trend of average contents of PHEs studied; Mn > Zn > V > Cr > Pb > La > Sr > Cu > Ni > Co > Th > As > Cd for both SS and FS. Also, PHEs concentration in the studied geo media showed a significant level of enrichment as observed from the results. Elemental association showed positive correlation for topsoil, Pb/Zn = R 2 , 0.85 and negative correlation for topsoil Cr/Zn = R 2 0.02 among the other PHEs. Source apportionment showed that the studied metal enrichment is largely anthropogenic rather than geogenic. Geoaccumulation and metal ratio indexes indicated that FS and SS studied have received significant PHEs of between moderately to strongly polluted, which implies significant environmental implications in the study area.