Nestmate recognition and temporal modulation in the patterns of cuticular hydrocarbons in natural colonies of japanese carpenter antCamponotus japonicus mayr (hymenoptera: formicidae)

Camponotus japonicus workers can discriminate nestmates from alien individuals. In the field, freeze-killed alien workers received significantly more attacks than nestmate carcasses. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the compositions of cuticular hydrocarbons of foraging workers from different colonies were the same, but the relative proportions of some compounds were colony-specific. These compounds are thus likely to function as colonial signatures. Characterization of the cuticular hydrocarbons by GC for 2 natural colonies at an interval of about 30 days over 4 months revealed that the patterns of cuticular hydrocarbon of foraging workers were not fixed but changed with time. The significant temporal modulation in term of proportions occurred in 5 of the 6 compounds that seemed to be the potential colonial signatures. The biological significance of temporal modulation in colonial signature is also discussed.