Thermo-magnetic convection analysis of magnetite ferrofluid in an arc-shaped lid-driven electronic chamber with partial heating

The present paper investigates a magnetic source’s thermal and flow impacts on mixed convection conditions in a novel arc-shaped lid-driven cavity problem. The examined cavity consists of a square enclosure of length ( L ) with two arc-shaped vertical plates, and it is filled with Fe 3 O 4 /water ferrofluid. For this purpose, an in-house solver has been developed within the OpenFOAM® libraries based on the finite-volume method to solve the governing equations. In this regard, different parameters were implemented, which include various magnetic numbers (0 ≤ Mn ≤ 100), Richardson numbers (0.04 ≤ Ri ≤ 40), solid volume fractions (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05), and the dimensionless wide length of the arc ( b * = b / L ) varies from 0 to 0.15. The outcomes revealed that applying the magnetic source in the vicinity of the heater causes the appearance of a recirculation zone which boosts the diffusion phenomena. At Ri = 0.04, with the actions of the magnetic field, arc-shaped walls, and suspending magnetite nanoparticles, heat transfer enhancement can reach up to 338.35%. However, the heat transfer rate diminishes when the kelvin force is considered at Ri = 40. Finally, these outcomes are followed by developing two new correlations of the Nu M versus Ri, ϕ , Mn, and b *.