Bus Impedance Matrix Estimation Using Non-PMU Measurements

A bus impedance matrix ( Z bus ) is primarily used for power system analysis. Z bus is typically obtained from prior information on power systems (topology and line impedance) or from the measurement data of phasor measurement units (PMUs). However, the prior power system information may be inaccurate, missing, or inaccessible, and PMUs are difficult to install for all measurements due to the high cost. Therefore, this study proposes an estimation method for Z bus using only non-PMU measurements. The effectiveness and practical implementation of the proposed method were verified by performing hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment and simulations.