Structural Properties of Regenerated Carbon Graphene Oxide (GO) Synthesized through Hummers and Improved Hummer's Method

Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized form of graphene, laced with oxygen‐containing groups. In recent years, the cost‐effective and efficient synthesis of GO remains a significant issue. Hummer's method has become popular due to its simple top‐down synthesis, however, there is an issue due to the release of nitrate gaseous which is harmful to the environment. This research is carried out using regenerated carbon from waste tire as a source of synthesize process through the Hummers Method (HM) and Improved Hummers Method (IHM). The Raman peaks of IHM GO show that the D band and G band are at 1369.12 and 1583 cm−1, respectively and the intensity ratio of the D band relative to the G band (ID/IG) is 0.84. The morphology and structure of graphene oxide show that a nanosize particle stalked together on the surface of the sample structure, bumping pieces, and a coarse surface. The elemental composition of carbon (C) is higher than the oxygen (O) element which showed a good composition of graphene oxide. The XRD spectroscopy indicates the crystal structure of the material and the interlayer spacing between the material and atoms. In this study, the improved method is used by replacing sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) during the synthesis process to help increase interlayer distance and helps oxidation on the basal planes. This result confirms that the graphene oxide can be synthesized from regenerated carbon from waste tire using an improved Hummer's method.