Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from wild and tissue cultured Ceropegia juncea plants and its antibacterial, anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic activities

In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized from aqueous extracts of wild plants (WCJ) and tissue cultured plants (TCCJ) of Ceropegia juncea , which is an endangered medicinal plant. AgNPs were synthesized using this method and validated by UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR analysis, XRD measurements, EDX and SEM analysis. Visual observation of the UV/visible spectrum and UV–visible spectra of WCJ and TCCJ after they were treated with Ag precursors revealed the development of yellowish-brown and dark brown colors, respectively. FTIR analysis identified flavonoids and terpenoids as the compounds responsible for capping and stabilizing AgNPs. It is evident from the XRD results that the synthesized AgNPs are crystallized. The optical absorption peaks observed in the EDX samples of WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs were both approximately 3 keV indicating the presence of elemental silver. Furthermore, SEM analysis verified that WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs had sizes of approximately 3–32 μm and 8.28–13.82 μm, respectively. According to the results of anti-bacterial activity, both samples inhibited bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner. WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs altered the vascular system, suppressing the creation of new blood vessels and causing distortions of existing vessels as detected in the angiogenesis study. AgNPs exhibited noteworthy cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells at 250 g/mL concentration, with 74.4 and 82.95% cell death against WCJ and TCCJ AgNPs with IC 50 value of 92. 99 and 97.42 µg/mL, respectively.