Adsorption of the textile dye (reactive black 5) using orange peels as an adsorbent low-cost

Orange Peels (OP) powders unmodified were tested as a potential sorbent for Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and XRD measurements were used to characterize sorbents. The effectiveness of RB5 sorption was the highest at pH2. With the increase in the pH of the dye solution and the size of the orange peel particles, the percentage of The removal decreased. The removal increases with increasing contact time. Sorption increased as the temperature rose, indicating an endothermic process The best match was batch adsorption results The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir models, suggesting favorable adsorption of RB5 on the OP. These findings showed that OP is an environmentally safe, locally accessible, and cost-effective adsorbent for removing RB5 dye from industrial wastewaters. Orange Peels beads were also shown to be generable for use in the adsorption process.