Application of novel technologies to reach net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions in the fresh pasteurised milk supply chain: A review

This review assesses the potential of three novel technologies (3‐nitrooxypropanol, ultraviolet C light cold pasteurisation and biochar) to reduce the carbon footprint produced by the fresh milk supply chain at global level. In addition to the adoption of these technologies: (i) new policies should enhance the development and implementation of international standards to optimise the quality and safety of such technologies whilst facilitating their traceability; (ii) dairy firms and technology start‐ups should benefit from worldwide emissions trading systems to limit technology implementation costs; and (iii) consumers could participate in the net‐zero challenge by adopting easy‐to‐apply sustainable practices, thus reducing their milk carbon footprint. Feasibility assessment factors of sustainable dairy technologies (3‐nitrooxipropanol, Ultraviolet C light and Biochar), limitations and roadmap for their implementation towards net‐zero greenhouse gas emissions in the dairy supply chain.