GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF WETLAND IN WESTERN CHINA BASED ON REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY

Wet areas have a large distribution area and their ecological levels vary greatly, so remote sensing can be effectively used to observe the ecological environment and evolution rules of wetlands. In this paper, taking R wetland in western China as an example, remote sensing technology was used to study the ecological status and evolution of the wet area, and ecological environment protection measures. The results showed that ecologically fragile wetland belts were developed in the study area, and the extent of wetlands showed punctate and banded distribution. The distribution of wetlands was uniform and the connectivity was good. The fractal dimension of area perimeter of other types of wetland patches was the largest, which was 1.71; followed by rivers (1.51) and lakes (1.48). The regions with good ecological environment conditions were scattered in the study area without obvious aggregation, and the north was slightly better than the south. Human activities are less in the western region, and the area of ecological environment improvement is obviously greater than the area of deterioration. The long-term human settlement activity in the northeast region may be an important reason for the area of ecological environment deterioration greater than the area of improvement. To protect the ecological function of water conservation in the study area, the spatial difference of wetland should be overcome. Specific protection measures should be adopted for different regional wetland layouts. The protection of ecological environment is a long-term process. Multi-source data should be used to monitor the changes of ecological environment in working areas in real time and gradually improve the quality of ecological environment in wetland areas. This study can provide a basis for the long-term sustainable development of wetland ecological environment in western China.