Synergistic effects of telmisartan and pyridoxamine on early renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of telmisartan and/or pyridoxamine on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Rats were treated with telmisartan (T group) or pyridoxamine (P group), or telmisartan and pyridoxamine (TP group). The serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde and the level of 24-h urinary albumin were measured. Morphological changes in renal tissues were observed under light (H&E or Masson's trichrome) and transmission electron microscopy. Expression of NF-κBp65 and p-ERK1/2 in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and TGF-β in the renal cortex was investigated by western blotting. We found that early renal structural and functional damage was alleviated in the three intervention groups. SOD activity was significantly elevated in the P and TP groups (P