Novel rapid one-pot synthesis via complex polymerization of the biphasic lead-free system 0.5BaTi0.92Zr0.08O3/0.5Fe2CoO4: Ba+2 and Co+2 precursor effect

The microstructural and physical characteristics of ceramic powders synthesized by wet routes are mainly determined by parameters such as the nature of the precursors used, pH, the temperature of the system during the reactions in solution and solvent evaporation, and the thermal treatment for crystallization. Therefore, this work presents the effect of Ba +2 and Co +2 precursors on the crystallization process in one step ( one-pot ) via a polymeric precursor of complex polymerization (One Pot-MPC) in the 0.5BaTi 0.92 Zr 0.08 O 3 /0.5Fe 2 CoO 4, (0.5BZT/0.5FCO) biphasic multicationic system and its effect on the crystallization kinetics, microstructure and magnetic properties of the obtained nanopowders (NPs). The results indicated that the system obtained using the precursors of BaCO 3 and Co(CH 3 COO) 2 , allowed the simultaneous crystallization of the two phases at 600 °C, providing a homogeneous distribution between the two constituent phases. In the system synthesized using Ba +2 and Co +2 nitrates, crystallization of the phases occurred at different temperatures, favoring the formation of core-shell heterostructures, where the intensified presence of barium carbonate was verified after the crystallization step and persistent up to higher temperatures. On the other hand, it was found that the remaining BaCO 3 in the Nps obtained using BaCO 3 and Co(CH 3 COO) 2 was eliminated after a chemical washing step with acetic acid at a concentration five times lower and at half the time than necessary in nanopowders obtained with nitrate precursors. The One Pot-MPC methodology made it possible to efficiently and quickly obtain a lead-free 0.5BZT/0.5FCO biphasic nanoparticulate system at a low energy cost with ferrimagnetic behavior in both analyzed systems. Graphical abstract Highlights Lead-free 0.5BZT/0.5FCO biphasic system was obtained efficiently, quickly, and using low energy cost by the novel One Pot-MPC. Effect of Ba +2 and Co +2 precursors on the crystallization process. BaCO 3 and Co(CH 3 COO) 2 precursors allowed the simultaneous crystallization of the two phases. With Ba +2 and Co +2 nitrates, the phase crystallization occurred at different temperatures, favoring the core-shell heterostructures.