Forest conversion adversely affects native Macrobrachium shrimp assemblages in tropical Malaysian streams

Commodity‐driven forest conversion represents one of the most severe threats to freshwater biodiversity in Southeast Asia, notably causing population declines and the extinction of freshwater fish species. Although a variety of freshwater taxa are likely to be adversely affected by forest conversion, little is known about the impact on ecologically and economically important invertebrates such as decapod crustaceans. This study evaluated the impact of forest conversion and land‐use change on freshwater Macrobrachium shrimp species, using species richness, abundance, and environmental data collected from 20 streams across southern Peninsular Malaysia. Streams were located in three types of landscape: forest; oil palm plantation; and mixed land use, comprising young secondary forest, small‐scale plantations, patches of open and sparsely vegetated areas, and agricultural fields and clearings. Generalized linear models showed that even incomplete change from forest habitats to mixed land use and oil palm plantation resulted in significantly lower Macrobrachium native species richness and higher non‐native species abundance. Native species richness was positively correlated with canopy cover, leaf litter, substrate size, and dissolved oxygen, and was negatively correlated with water temperature and conductivity. Native species richness was also negatively correlated with non‐native species abundance, with non‐native species abundance increasing along the human disturbance gradient. These results highlight the need for riparian habitat protection to conserve native Macrobrachium and limit the spread of non‐native species. A management priority should be to maintain or restore optimum instream habitat conditions for shrimps, which would also benefit fish and other benthic macroinvertebrates. Suitable riparian management requires substantial support and funding from multiple stakeholders, but it can be aligned with other catchment‐based strategies to optimize the use of limited resources available for freshwater biodiversity conservation.