Predator-Prey Linear Coupling with Hybrid Species

The classical two-species non-linear Predator-Prey system, often used in population dynamics modeling, is expressed in terms of a single positive coupling parameter \(\lambda\). Based on standard logarithmic transformations, we derive a novel \(\lambda\)-\textit{invariant} Hamiltonian resulting in two coupled first-order ODEs for ``hybrid-species'', \textit{albeit} with one being \textit{linear}; we thus derive a new exact, closed-form, single quadrature solution valid for any value of \(\lambda\) and the system's energy. In the particular case \(\lambda = 1\) the ODE system completely uncouples and a new, exact, energy-only dependent simple quadrature solution is derived. In the case \(\lambda \neq 1\) an accurate practical approximation uncoupling the non-linear system is proposed and solutions are provided in terms of explicit quadratures together with high energy asymptotic solutions. A novel, exact, closed-form expression of the system's oscillation period valid for any value of \(\lambda\) and orbital energy is also derived; two fundamental properties of the period are established; for \(\lambda = 1\) the period is expressed in terms of a universal energy function and shown to be the shortest.