Anatomy of babassu-nut value chain for policy guidance in support of traditional agroextractive communities in the Mearim Valley, Maranhão, Brazil

Babassu-nuts are one of the most important socio-biodiversity products in Brazil. Detailed and reliable information on the babassu value chain is essential for local and regional public policies to support the economy associated with the extraction of this product and vulnerable social groups that depend on it for survival. This study presents a methodology to analyze the babassu value chain and discusses results obtained in 2021 from the application of this methodology in Vale do Mearim, Maranhão, the region with the highest babassu production in the country. The study contributes to the evaluation of the accuracy of official statistics on production and involvement in babassu extractive activity and discusses implications for the most relevant public policy for non-timber forest products in Brazil, the Minimum Price Policy for Socio-biodiversity Products (PGPM-Bio). In a territory comprising 25 municipalities, we interviewed about 640 local traders, who purchased 6,000 tons of almonds from 9,000 extractivist families, with an annual average of 661 kg per family. These local traders passed the production to 23 regional traders, who transported it to 11 industrial pressing units for oil production, 8 of them located in the same territory. According to the field research, the volume commercialized corresponds to 27% of the official estimate for the previous year, denoting a reduction in production and in the number of persons engaged in extraction activity much higher than the downward trend indicated by official statistics. Considering that determining the Gross Domestic Product of municipalities, as well as planning and monitoring the implementation of policies such as PGPM-Bio should take into account outreach indicators based on official statistics, the analyses suggest reviewing procedures to obtain annual estimates of babassu extraction. Resumo: As amêndoas de babaçu são um dos mais relevantes produtos da sociobiodiversidade no Brasil. Informação detalhada e confiável sobre a cadeia de valor do babaçu é fundamental para políticas públicas de âmbito local e regional, em apoio a uma economia associada à extração deste produto e a grupos sociais vulneráveis que dele dependem para a sobrevivência. Este estudo apresenta metodologia para analisar a cadeia de valor do babaçu e discute resultados obtidos em 2021 com a aplicação desta metodologia no Vale do Mearim, Maranhão, território de maior produção de babaçu no país. O estudo contribui na avaliação da acu