Concordance of Proteinuria Examination Results using Dipstick Urine, Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, and Immunoassay in Diabetes Mellitus Type-2

Periodic examination of proteinuria for DM patients is important for the prevention of diabetic nephropathy complications. The most commonly used methods for checking proteinuria today are urine dipstick, albumin-creatinine ratio, and immunoassays. To analyze the suitability of proteinuria examination using a urine Dipstick, Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, and immunoassay. An observational analytic study, cross sectional, conducted in July 2020 - October 2020 at the Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, using urine samples (n = 57) that met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. The suitability test was carried out between the AIM urine dipstick, urine sysmex dipstick, AIM immunoassay and the Sysmex UC 3500 AC Ratio which were analyzed by the Cohen's kappa test. Immunoassay detected the highest proteinuria in 85.96% of type 2 DM patients, followed by AC Ratio (68.42%), AIM Dipstick (52.6%), and Sysmex Dipstick (49.12%). There was a very strong agreement between the AIM Dipstick and the Sysmex Dipstick, κ = 0.86 (p