Recent Advances in Lead‐Safe Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made unprecedented progress in improving power conversion efficiency in the past decade, and they are considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies. However, the commercialization of PSCs still faces significant challenges, such as the stability issue and toxicity of lead. Recently, pursuing ways to alleviate the toxicity of lead has emerged as an attractive research direction in the community of PSCs. In this review, the discussion is on the toxicity of lead and the impact of lead leakage from perovskites to the environment, the recent progress made to reduce the leakage of lead is presented with an emphasis on the lead sequestration materials applied in encapsulation layers and functional layers of PSCs, and the recovery of lead from damaged or decommissioned PSC devices is concisely summarized. This review may serve as a guide for researchers interested in promoting PSCs from exploitation to application. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made unprecedented progress in the past decade. However, potential lead leakage from PSCs is becoming a key issue restricting their deep development for commercialization. In this review, first, the toxicity of lead and the impact of lead ions from halide perovskites, and the effort to develop lead‐free perovskites are discussed. Then, the recent progress made to reduce the leakage of lead ions from damaged PSC modules is introduced. Subsequently, a concise overview of the recyclability of damaged or decommissioned PSC devices is discussed. Finally, the insights into current challenges and future directions in this emerging area of research are presented.