Suppression of leaf growth and photosynthetic capacity as an acclimation strategy to nitrogen deficiency in a nitrogen-sensitive and shade-tolerant plant Panax notoginseng

Photosynthesis is susceptible in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency. However, the acclimation of shade-tolerant and high-N sensitive species to N deficiency is unclear. Leaf morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic performance related parameters were examined in a shade-tolerant and high-N sensitive species P. notoginseng grown under different N levels. Lower N content and Chl content were recorded in the N 0 -grown P. notoginseng. The maximum values of leaf morpho-physiological traits, photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were obtained in the N 15 -grown P. notoginseng. Coefficients for leaf N allocation into the carboxylation and light-harvesting system components in the N 0 -grown plants were significantly higher than others. N 0 and N 7.5 plants showed higher K phase. N addition decreased the absorption and capture of the light energy per unit area (ABS/RC and TR O /RC) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Photochemical quenching (qP), electron transport rate (ETR), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕ PSII ) were reduced in the N 0 -grown plants. The reduction of light-harvesting and utilization capacity not only leads to a decrease in PNUE, but also induces the damage of PSII reaction center. Overall, the inhibition of leaf growth and photosynthetic capacity is an essential strategy for high-N sensitive and shade-tolerant plants in response to N deficiency.