Development of a Macronutrient Nutritional Program for Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multifaceted disease with several etiologies. One of the main risk factors for OSA is obesity. Weight loss has been shown to significantly reduce OSA severity among obese patients, but a method to promote long-term, sustainable results has not been established. This project aims at identifying factors that could influence the patient's ability to sustain weight loss by changing body composition through a macronutrient dietary structure. Methods: Utilizing specific behavioral change theories and validated instruments, we will conduct a baseline behavioral evaluation of patients with OSA. By using behavioral assessment surveys, we will identify factors influencing diet adherence and preference. A needs assessment will be performed to evaluate the feasibility of the nutritional program. Results: We hypothesize that a behavioral evaluation of patients with OSA will indicate emotional, behavioral, and environmental factors that are significant to the implementation of a macronutrient-focused nutritional program. We also theorize that a needs assessment will help create feasible strategies and prioritize resources within a clinical setting. We plan to collect data to evaluate barriers and suggest interventions that will improve quality of care, patient adherence, and reduce health disparities related to obesity reduction. Conclusions: By implementing a strategy that is feasible for patients to improve body composition, OSA morbidity and severity can be reduced. This will guide the design of a macronutrient dietary program that will supply clinical providers with the necessary tools to improve the health outcomes of their patients with OSA.