Effectiveness of Climate-Smart Agriculture Innovations in Smallholder Agriculture System in Ethiopia
The scientific basis for conceptualizing how farm households achieve the three climate-smart agriculture (CSA) pillars, the “triple benefit”, is not well developed. This paper examined the impacts of CSA innovations on simultaneously enhancing food security, climate adaptation, and reducing GHG emis...
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description | The scientific basis for conceptualizing how farm households achieve the three climate-smart agriculture (CSA) pillars, the “triple benefit”, is not well developed. This paper examined the impacts of CSA innovations on simultaneously enhancing food security, climate adaptation, and reducing GHG emissions. A cross-sectional household survey was collected from a multi-stage sample of 424 smallholder farmers selected from five agroecosystems of the upper Blue Nile highlands in Ethiopia and analyzed using an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. CSA innovations, improved variety, compost, row planting, and agroforestry, provide farmers with the benefits of enhanced food security and climate change adaptation, reducing GHG emissions from farm plots. Crop rotation provides farmers with enhanced food security and reduced livelihood vulnerability, while SWC meets the goal of enhancing food security and reducing GHG emissions. Unfortunately, adopting crop residue management, one of the recommended CSA practices in Ethiopia, does not deliver at least two of the CSA pillars. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt improved variety, crop rotation, compost, row planting, soil and water conservation, and agroforestry as the best portfolio of CSA innovation for highland smallholder agriculture systems. |
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This paper examined the impacts of CSA innovations on simultaneously enhancing food security, climate adaptation, and reducing GHG emissions. A cross-sectional household survey was collected from a multi-stage sample of 424 smallholder farmers selected from five agroecosystems of the upper Blue Nile highlands in Ethiopia and analyzed using an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. CSA innovations, improved variety, compost, row planting, and agroforestry, provide farmers with the benefits of enhanced food security and climate change adaptation, reducing GHG emissions from farm plots. Crop rotation provides farmers with enhanced food security and reduced livelihood vulnerability, while SWC meets the goal of enhancing food security and reducing GHG emissions. Unfortunately, adopting crop residue management, one of the recommended CSA practices in Ethiopia, does not deliver at least two of the CSA pillars. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt improved variety, crop rotation, compost, row planting, soil and water conservation, and agroforestry as the best portfolio of CSA innovation for highland smallholder agriculture systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2071-1050</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/su142316143</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Agricultural ecology ; Agricultural ecosystems ; Agricultural industry ; Agricultural practices ; Agriculture ; Agroforestry ; Air quality management ; Calories ; Climate adaptation ; Climate change ; Climate-smart agriculture ; Composts ; Crop residues ; Crop rotation ; Cropping systems ; Crops ; Digital agriculture ; Emissions ; Emissions control ; Farmers ; Food security ; Food supply ; Global temperature changes ; Greenhouse gases ; Households ; Innovations ; Small farms ; Soil conservation ; Soil water ; Surveys ; Sustainability ; Water conservation</subject><ispartof>Sustainability, 2022-12, Vol.14 (23), p.16143</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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subjects | Adaptation Agricultural ecology Agricultural ecosystems Agricultural industry Agricultural practices Agriculture Agroforestry Air quality management Calories Climate adaptation Climate change Climate-smart agriculture Composts Crop residues Crop rotation Cropping systems Crops Digital agriculture Emissions Emissions control Farmers Food security Food supply Global temperature changes Greenhouse gases Households Innovations Small farms Soil conservation Soil water Surveys Sustainability Water conservation |
title | Effectiveness of Climate-Smart Agriculture Innovations in Smallholder Agriculture System in Ethiopia |
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