BEARING CAPACITY AND SLIDING RESISTANCE OF SPREAD FOUNDATION UNDER VERTICAL AND LATERAL COMBINED LOAD: Settlement and lateral displacement of independent footing foundation

To clarify behavior and sliding resistance of a spread foundation under combined load, static vertical loading test, and static vertical and lateral combined loading tests were conducted on a spread foundation on sand. The sliding resistance under the combined load was caused by the soil failure beneath the foundation. After the peak of the lateral resistance, settlement and horizontal displacement increased although vertical and lateral load did not increase. When the vertical load is less than about 1/2 of the ultimate bearing capacity, the vertical load could be retained and the horizontal displacement was greater than the settlement.