GST-Based Plasmonic Biosensor for Hemoglobin and Urine Detection

In this paper, a biosensor based on a Y-shape gold resonator metamaterial structure is simulated to detect biomaterials, such as hemoglobin and urine, using Ge–Sb–Te (GST) as a phase changing material in the infrared wavelength range from 1.2 µm to 1.7 µm. Here, the Y-shaped resonator is placed on top of the GST layer. Simulation results shows that the maximum detection sensitivities for hemoglobin and urine are 2453 nm/RIU and 3986 nm/RIU, respectively. However, maximum sensitivity of 4096 nm/RIU is achieved for urine after optimizing the design parameters. A comparison is made based on the absorption responses with the variation of wavelengths for the two different phases of GST, which are crystalline GST and amorphous GST. In other words, the proposed Y-shape gold-based metamaterial shows the potential ability to be used as a lab-on-chip biosensor.