Application of laser processing for powder materials of alloys of the Fe-Nd-B system to create a micromagnetic system

Permanent magnets of the Fe – Nd – B system are widely used in technology for their production, methods of powder metallurgy are often used for powder obtained by quenching from a liquid state. The most optimal magnetic properties are characteristic of a nanocomposite system of grains of the main hard magnetic phase and an iron-enriched soft magnetic phase. The maximum values of the remanent induction of the magnet are achieved by texturing, i.e., by arranging the magnetoanisotropic grains of the main magnetic phase so that the directions of their axes of easy magnetization are co-directed. To inhibit the development of the domain structure inside the grains, it is necessary to create a certain microstructure, which prevents nucleation and movement of domain walls. For this, additional processes are performed that cause rearrangements in the microstructure. As a rule, such processes are accompanied by a high temperature close to the melting temperature of the intergranular phase. The article considers such additional effects on the microstructure as annealing (at 500-650 °C), hot pressing and hot deformation, spark pressing or hybrid sintering in an electric field and laser treatment.