Beware of Intelligence Results Based on Common Verbal Tests

The majority of tasks on intelligence tests require vision, such as visual pattern recognition. [...]psychologists typically use verbal sections, especially vocabulary tests, to assess students who have visual impairments. † Deceased January 2017. [...]we do not recommend common verbal tests developed for sighted children be used with children who have visual impairments. [...]children with visual impairments tend to score higher or lower than their sighted peers on many tasks, for reasons other than their intelligence.