Peculiarities of nature-like technology of spring wheat cultivation in steppe zone of Southern Urals

The article presents the results of studying effectiveness of technology of growing spring wheat using winter sowing in conditions of the zone of dry steppes of Southern Urals. A technology has been developed for sowing seeds in frozen soil until a snow cover is established to a depth of 1-3 cm and a good preservation of their germination in winter period has been revealed. Podzimny sowing of spring wheat allows you to get early shoots in spring and shift its vegetation 3-4 weeks earlier compared to spring sowing, which ensures passage of critical phases of crop development in more favorable hydrothermal conditions. The early vegetation of wheat helps to reduce unproductive losses of soil moisture for physical evaporation in spring before start of spring sowing and increase the efficiency of rainfall use in autumn-winter period. The use of winter sowing compared to spring sowing ensured better development of spring wheat plants, reduced infestation, a significant increase in yield by 0.92 t/ha, or 2.9 times, and improved grain quality.