The Compressive and Rarefactive Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves with Two Different Temperatures for Both Electrons and Ions

The nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged dust fluid, Boltzmann distributed electrons with two different temperatures, Boltzmann distributed ions with two distinct temperatures are investigated. By employing the reductive perturbation technique that is valid for a small but finite amplitude limit, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, have been derived. Our results reveal that the main quantities of DASWs (such as amplitude and width) are affected by electrons with two different temperatures (as well as ions), temperature ratios, and the number densities of two species of ions. It is shown that both positive and negative potential DASWs occur in this case.