Nature Detection of Internal Defects in Railroad Rails Produced by EVRAZ ZSMK Company Using Ultrasonic Control in Mill Flow

The article discusses the nature of defects in railroad rails manufactured by the EVRAZ ZSMK company, using the metallographic and x-ray phase analyses. In addition, a regression analysis of the influence of the rail steel production parameters on the probability of rail rejection is performed. The mechanisms behind the formation of internal defects are reviewed. It is demonstrated that the most characteristic internal defects of rails, causing their rejection during the ultrasonic control, are stratifications with the accumulation of non-plastic and low-melting non-metallic inclusions. The parameters of melting and extra-furnace processing of rail steel affect the probability of specified defects formation in rails.