Combined effects of Coriolis force and nanoparticle properties on the dynamics of gold–water nanofluid across nonuniform surface

Invention of nanofluid has proved revolutionary in the enhancement of fluid thermal and electrical conductivity. Industrial applications of gold–water nanofluids over rotating surface include, but not limited to, heat transfer fluids, as a solar absorber, in medieval medicine for the diagnosis of syphilis, and so forth. Gold–water nanofluid is useful in colorant of glass and silk, nonlinear optics, and molecular recognition. Studies have been carried out mostly across stationary or stretching flat surfaces. This paper studies the flow of gold–water nanofluids over the rotating upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution. The relevant body forces are added to the Navier–Stokes equations to formulate appropriate equations for the flow of gold–water nanofluids over a surface with nonuniform thickness under the action of Coriolis force. Appropriate Blasius similarity transformation is used to nondimensionalize the governing equations and thereby reducing the nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The numerical method used is the Runge–Kutta–Gills method with shooting technique and the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa collocation method, and the results are illustrated graphically. Coriolis force is found to have reduced the coefficient of skin friction in the x‐direction but enhances the coefficient of skin friction in the z‐direction. The haphazard motion of the nanoparticles and the nanoparticle volume fraction are found to enhance the skin friction coefficient in the x‐ and y‐directions. Invention of nanofluid has proved revolutionary in the enhancement of fluid thermal and electrical conductivity. Industrial applications of gold–water nanofluids over rotating surface include, but not limited to, heat transfer fluids, as a solar absorber, in medieval medicine for the diagnosis of syphilis, and so forth. Gold–water nanofluid is useful in colorant of glass and silk, nonlinear optics, and molecular recognition. Studies have been carried out mostly across stationary or stretching flat surfaces.…