Physical and Cognitive Activities: Interaction and Mechanisms of Influence

Numerous studies of physical and cognitive activities are of great theoretical and practical interest in understanding the relationship between these processes. In the presented review, we tried to analyze and structure the cause-and-effect relationships of the influence of physical activity on cognitive functions, as well as to consider the main mechanisms of such influence (including at the molecular level). In particular, the vaso- and neuroprotective effects of exercise are described, and three hypotheses explaining them are discussed. The endocrine function of muscles is considered in detail based on the example of several myokines. A discussion of physical activity to restore cognitive functions in fatigue, as well to prevent and correct cognitive disorders is presented.