Effect of different preparation conditions on the properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/bamboo fiber composite membrane

Nano-hydroxyapatite/bamboo fiber (n-HA/BF) composite membranes were obtained by a simple casting technology. The mechanism of the membrane formation and the effects of different pre-drying conditions, drying methods and n-HA addition amounts on the properties of the n-HA/BF composite membranes were investigated by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, Electromechanical universal tester, in vitro soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in vitro cell culture experiment. The results demonstrated that different preparation conditions did not affect the dispersity of n-HA nanoparticles in BF matrix, but determined the membrane appearances, owing to the different changes of hydrogen bond under different pre-drying temperatures. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of the composite membranes could be improved when the membranes were prepared at 70 °C and freeze-drying as well as n-HA high addition content, and the mechanical properties of the composite membranes depended on n-HA addition content. In vitro soaking behavior indicated that the corrosion properties and bone-like apatite deposition could be controlled by different preparation conditions. The cell proliferation results showed that the n-HA/BF composite membranes obtained in different preparation conditions were all non-toxic. The obtained results showed that the casting technique could be used to prepare n-HA/BF composite membranes, and the properties of the composite membranes could be controlled by adopting different preparation conditions, which would have a great potential for guide bone tissue regeneration (GBR) membranes, and the study would provide a new way for BF application in biomedical fields. Graphical abstract In this manuscript, nano-hydroxyapatite/BF (n-HA/BF) composite membranes were prepared by casting method, and the membrane forming mechanism and the effects of different pre-drying conditions, drying methods and n-HA amounts on the corresponding n-HA/BF membrane were investigated. Results demonstrated that the morphologies of membrane was determined by the different preparation conditions owing to different hydrogen bond changes. Moreover, the hydrophilicity, the mechanical properties, the degradability and bone-like apatite deposition could be controlled by different preparation conditions, and all the n-HA/BF composite membranes were all non-toxic. The obtained results indicated that the n-HA/BF compo