Kinetic Regularities of the Kabachnik–Fields Reaction under Catalysis by Sulfonic Cation Exchangers Based on Petroleum Asphaltenes

Strongly acidic cation exchangers were obtained by the sulfonation and successive sulfonation and nitration of petroleum asphaltenes. The cation exchangers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and acid–base back titration; the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic regularities of the Kabachnik–Fields reaction were studied at various temperatures in the course of catalysis by the cation exchangers based on asphaltenes and in the absence of a catalyst.