Delaying Academic Tasks and Feeling Bad About It: Development and Validation of a Six-Item Scale Measuring Academic Procrastination
Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established scales of procrastination cov...
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Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of psychological assessment : official organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment 2024, Vol.40 (1), p.59-72 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Procrastination is the irrational delay of an intended
task and is common among students. A delay can only be defined as
procrastination when it is voluntary, the action was intended but not
implemented, and the delay is accompanied by subjective discomfort. Established
scales of procrastination cover mainly behavioral aspects but have neglected the
emotional aspect. This inaccuracy concerning the construct validity might entail
misconceptions of procrastination. Accordingly, we developed and validated the
Behavioral and Emotional Academic Procrastination Scale (BEPS), which covers all
aspects of the definition of procrastination. The 6-item scale measuring
self-reported academic procrastination was tested in three studies. Study 1
(N = 239) evaluated the psychometric
qualities of the BEPS, indicating good item characteristics and internal
consistency. Study 2 (N = 1,441) used
confirmatory factor analysis and revealed two correlated factors: one covering
the behavioral aspect and the other reflecting the emotional aspect. Measurement
invariance was shown through longitudinal and multigroup confirmatory factor
analyses. Study 3 (N = 234) provided evidence for
the scale's convergent validity through correlations with established
procrastination scales, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. The BEPS thus
economically operationalizes all characteristics of academic procrastination and
appears to be a reliable and valid self-report measure. |
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ISSN: | 1015-5759 2151-2426 |
DOI: | 10.1027/1015-5759/a000728 |