Recent Trends in Role of Nanoadditives with Diesel–Biodiesel Blend on Performance, Combustion and Emission in Diesel Engine: A Review

In the current state of affairs, the demand for renewable energy is increasing dramatically because of the availability and pollution problems associated with non-renewable energy resources. Energy from bio is the foremost important renewable source, because bioenergy plays a dynamic role in environmental protection through waste to energy conversion thus encouraging agricultural and scale back the foreign exchange. Biodiesel is a gift fuel obtained from a biosource for diesel engines. But, the use of biodiesel in diesel engines has some problems, like lower brake thermal efficiency, higher fuel consumption, more emissions of nitrogen oxides, etc. To avoid these problems researchers are working to find a solution that helps to make pleasant use of biodiesel blends in diesel engines. The addition of fuel additives to the diesel–biodiesel blend is the most attractive solution to improve the performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Recent studies revealed that the introduction of nanotechnology into internal combustion engines is extensive as nanoparticles play a vital role in altering the physical and chemical properties of fuel, considered as coolant in internal combustion engines and acting as a combustion catalyst. Many researchers used different nanoparticles as fuel additives with diesel–biodiesel blends and claimed that the addition of nanoparticles to diesel–biodiesel blends tends to better thermal efficiency and a reduction in tailpipe emissions. This paper summarizes the role of various nanofuel additives with diesel–biodiesel blends on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines.