Ecosystem Functions of the Atmosphere in the Sustainable Development of Urbanized Territories (a Case Study of the City of Ulan-Ude)

We have analyzed the prerequisites for the sustainable development of urbanized territories related to the atmospheric air quality as determined by a combination of microclimatic differences and anthropogenic impact. The city of Ulan-Ude, located under conditions of valley–basin topography, is studied. The direct radiation on the slopes of the surrounding ridges is measured to clarify the microclimatic features of the city. Spatial differences in the formation of the ecological and climatic status of air near the summits, on the bottoms of the valleys of the Uda and Selenga rivers, and on slopes with many valleys of different orientations and level surfaces are revealed. It is found that the ecosystem functions of the atmosphere of valley–basin territories, limited by a natural and climatic ability to self-purify, require a lower anthropogenic load. It is shown that the decrease in emissions from stationary sources from 2010 to 2018 contributes to the positive dynamics of specific ecological and economic parameters (kg/1000 rubles). Specific total emissions (kg/person) become greater, and the atmospheric pollution index remains high and very high due to an increase in emissions from mobile sources and in the concentration of aggressive impurities. For better living conditions of the population and the sustainable development of Ulan-Ude, it is important to reduce emissions from stationary and mobile sources, i.e., improve fuel quality and the technical condition of vehicles and road infrastructure. It is also advisable to transfer existing green zones into protected areas.