PDC bit optimization scheme for tight oil reservoirs in the Jidong Oilfield based on rock anti-drilling characteristics

The tight oil reservoir rocks in the Jidong Oilfield are generally characterized by high hardness, strong abrasiveness, and extremely unevenness, which seriously reduce the drilling efficiency. In view of this problem, the mineral composition, hardness, plasticity coefficient, and drillability of rocks were first determined. It was found that the rock integrity, compactness and high hardness are the main factors leading to the low rock breaking efficiency of PDC bits. Then, combined with logging data, the drilling resistance profile of the whole well section was established. According to the crushing mechanism of rocks under the action of a PDC bit, the mechanical model of a single composite plate under rock crushing conditions is established, and the influence of the back angle on the cutting force is analyzed. The flow field distribution of the drill bit surface under different nozzle combinations was calculated by finite element numerical simulation. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the optimal backward angle was 15°, and the optimal nozzle combination was two 16-mm central nozzles and five 14-mm peripheral nozzles. Finally, a personalized PDC bit design scheme for tight oil reservoirs in the Jidong Oilfield was proposed. The scheme includes the following: (1) a 5-blade straight-arc crown is profiled; (2) anti-impact cylindrical components are set; (3) the nozzle hydraulic structure adopts a bending type; and (4) the diameter-retaining teeth and diversion grooves are optimized. The optimized bit reduces stick–slip, improves stability, and has an obvious acceleration effect.