Climate-Relevant Ocean Transport Measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

A number of observational arrays, together with the main circulation features, have been established across the Atlantic and in the Arctic Oceans to improve our understanding of and to monitor changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), as well as large-scale changes in water mass properties and ocean transports (how much heat or salt is transported by currents). These observational arrays contribute to the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) via the Observing Coordination Groups (OCG) networks. The global community has been obtaining critical environmental information by measuring ocean transports at different locations in the Atlantic and at the Arctic Ocean gateways. Continued efforts based on these observational arrays are paramount to understanding and adapting to the impacts of climate and weather on humans and Earth's natural resources on land and in the ocean.