Projection‐based throughput enhancement for 3D geographic routing technique in multi‐hop wireless networks

Summary Efficient geographic routing techniques in multi‐hop wireless networks are popular and attractive for their effective routing mechanism; here, for routing, the location information is used instead of topology information. In recent years, most of the proposed position‐based routing protocols have been designed for 2D space, but in real‐life scenarios, the nodes are usually deployed in 3D space. Working with 3D space is more complicated than with 2D space. Enhancement of the end‐to‐end throughput while reducing the energy consumption and the end‐to‐end delay is the primary consideration for designing routing protocols in a 3D geographical multi‐hop wireless network. This paper proposes a projection‐based routing technique, where routes obtained in 3D multi‐hop wireless networks are projected on 2D planes and on the reference line (RL). The main goal of this study is to simplify the operational difficulties in 3D space and performance enhancement of the network in terms of throughput, energy consumption and delay. The proposed technique presents the various projection methods for the routes obtained in 3D space. The projections are made on (i) the RL joining source to destination; (ii) the planes XY, YZ and ZX; and (iii) a particular 3D plane. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation, considering the network parameters, end‐to‐end delay, throughput and energy consumption. The proposed work presents the various projection methods for the routes obtained in 3D space.The projections are done on (i) the RL joining source to destination (base Station); (ii) the planes XY, YZ and ZX; and (iii) a particular 3D plane. The main goal of this study is to simplify the working difficulties in 3D space and performance enhancement of the network in terms of throughput, energy consumption and delay.