A River Channel Extraction Method Based on a Digital Elevation Model Retrieved from Satellite Imagery

The river border positioning is an important part of river surveys, which is crucial for water conservation project development, water resource use, water disasters, river regime monitoring, and many other applications related to water resources. Currently, satellite images or field measurements are used to extract river channels. However, satellite images are insufficiently precise, and field measurement requires significant manpower and cost. In this paper, a new method for river channel extraction is proposed, which is based on the combination of Jenks natural breaks classification method and digital elevation model (DEM), and then the river channel range is complemented by using the water range monitored by GF-1(Gaofen-1 satellite) in flood season. The overall precision is greater than 85%, and the Kappa values achieve moderate stability (0.41–0.60). Using this method, the extraction of river range is practicable and achievable, and the higher the DEM resolution, the better the extraction result.