Multilayer nanostructured system for oral insulin delivery

A method to obtain a multilayer insulin-containing composition in a nanostructured form consisting of layers: gold-chitosan-insulin-chitosan nanoparticles was developed. The size of the fully formed multicomponent system was 178 nm.The outer layer of chitosan protects insulin from the damaging effects of low pH-medium and proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract when the composition is taken orally. Chitosan simultaneously performs a transport function to deliver insulin into the bloodstream. In experiments on experimental animals with artificially induced type 1 diabetes, it was found that the effectiveness and duration of hypoglycemic action of the composition depends on the amount of insulin in the dose. The composition containing 50 IU of insulin per dose provides a rapid decrease glucose level in the blood and maintains it at the level of the intact group for 3 h. After 6 h the efficacy of the composition is comparable to that of insulin injection. A fundamentally important indicator of the effectiveness of the composition is a constant content of glycated hemoglobin in the blood within 10 days.